Management and Treatment Options for Osteopenia

Osteopenia is considered the beginning state of osteoporosis, and if left untreated can lead to a severe reduction in bone density. Although risk factors and treatment options for osteopenia are similar to those for osteoporosis, the condition is milder and the diagnosis does not necessarily mean bone loss has already taken place.

Osteopenia affects approximately eighteen million women, most of which are young or middle-aged. The condition is diagnosed using a bone mineral density test, as standard X-rays are not sensitive enough to detect the subtle changes in bone density associated with osteopenia. Preventing future bone loss is critical, and treatment options for osteopenia focus on increasing bone density and maintaining sufficient levels of blood calcium.

Treatment Options for Osteopenia

Osteopenia can be caused by insufficient calcium intake or activity, but is often the result of a variety of other conditions. Additionally, treatments for a number of health disorders can result in loss of bone density, including the use of diuretics, chemotherapy, hormone therapy, antacids, lithium, and some anticonvulsant medications. Treatment options for osteopenia are typically the same as those used to treat osteoporosis, and vary depending on age and degree of bone loss. Treatment typically includes supplementation with calcium and vitamin D, along with a program of frequent weight-bearing exercise. When bone loss is substantial, medication may be prescribed.

The first of several treatment options for osteopenia includes diagnosis and correction of any underlying conditions that may be causing bone loss, such as hyperthyroidism. If underlying conditions are discovered, medical or surgical correction may be required before any other treatment options can be considered. Additionally, bisphosphonate medications, which are anti-resorptive medications that slow the breakdown of bone, may be prescribed to reduce or eliminate bone loss.

Prevention of hip fractures, which are a serious risk to those suffering from bone loss, may be accomplished with the use of hip protectors. If applicable, menstrual cycle irregularities should be corrected with oral contraceptive pills or other medications. Moreover, if poor diet is a suspected cause of low calcium levels, consultation with a nutritionist is an essential part of any osteoporosis prevention plan.

Prompt treatment is critical to stop additional bone loss and minimize the risk of fractures in those diagnosed with osteopenia. Treatment options for osteopenia can generally be continued throughout life - even after bone density is restored.